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Invasive Species Resources
(links to info about specific species featured in our newsletters & April 30, 2011 workshop below:)
April 30 Presentation at Invasive Species Workshop by Tania Siemens of the Nature Conservancy & Oregon Sea Grant
Reporting Invaders:
Help us catch early invaders! Report possible invasive species to: Oregon Invasive Species Hotline, http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org (best option) or 1-866-INVADER (second option).
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Resources on Invasive Species Identification, Impacts, and Locations:
Online
Print (including field & pocket guides)
- Field Guide to Weeds of the Willamette Valley. Institute of Applied Ecology, 2008. (Also available online at www.appliedeco.org.
- Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing, 2004.
- Invasive Plants: Guide to Identification and the Impacts and Control of Common North American Species. Stackpole Books, 2007.
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Links to Resources on Individual Species:
Help us keep a lookout for these pesky species, many of which are not yet in the Long Tom Watershed or are popping up in isolated areas--and we want to keep it that way! "Early Detection and Rapid Response" (EDRR) is one of the most effective ways of managing the impacts of non-native invaders. Once an invader becomes established, it becomes very difficult to remove them, so EDRR is key! Click on the name to navigate to information about that species at either ODA or Western Invasives Network.
Plants: Garlic Mustard Gorse Hydrilla Knotweed Lesser Celandine Meadow Hawkweed Old Man's Beard Orange Hawkweed Puncture Vine Purple Loosetrife Spanish Heath Spurge Laurel Water Primrose Willow Woolly Distaff Thistle Yellow Floating Heart
Animals: American Bullfrog Chinese Mystery Snail Common Snapping Turtle Quagga & Zebra Mussel Red-eared Slider
Plants
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 Garlic Mustard
Key Features: kidney or heart-shaped leaves with toothed or wavy edges; clusters of white, 4-petaled flowers in spring; pungent, garlicky odor.
Habitat: Partial shade of woodlands (such as oak savanna); forest edges, roads, trails, edges of agricultural land, stream sides.
Photo: Glenn Miller, ODA
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 Gorse
Key Features: Evergreen, densely-branched shrub; spiny or scale like leaves; Shiny, yellow flowers (resemble pea flowers).
Habitat: Disturbed areas, logged areas, pasture land, sand dunes.
Photo: Ken French, ODA
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 Hydrilla
Key Features: Aquatic plant forms thick mats on surface; Stems have whorls of 3-8 leaves). Resemble bottle brushes near the surface.
Habitat: Freshwater lakes, ponds, streams, and other waterways.
Photo: Dave Spencer
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 Knotweed
Key Features: Includes several closely-related species (Japanese, Giant, and Bohemian). Leaves are heart-shaped, broad ovals with pointed tips; grows in dense thickets; flowers are greenish-white or cream-colored plumes that bloom in fall.
Habitat: Riparian areas, waterways, and areas around human activity.
Photo: Glenn Miller, ODA
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 Lesser Celandine
Key Features: Dark green, shiny, heart-shaped leaves form spreading carpet; yellow flowers have 5-8 petals, rising from a single stalk.
Habitat: Moist areas along streams, ditches, and lakes; also oak woodlands, deciduous forests, and orchards.
Photo: Tom Forney, ODA
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 Meadow Hawkweed
Key Features: Bristly stems - many of them leafless; secret milky juice when crushed or broken; Up to 30 flowers appear on the stems and bloom in late spring/early summer.
Habitat: Prairies, meadows, pastures, and lawns.
Photo: Tom Forney, ODA
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 Old Man's Beard
Key Features: Woody, deciduous vine; grows rapidly - up to 95 feet; opposite, compound leaves of five leaflets; Flowers lack petals and only contain greenish-white sepals and reproductive parts.
Habitat: Coastal, lowland areas, forest openings, and disturbed areas west of the Cascades.
Photo: Tom Forney, ODA
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 Orange Hawkweed
Key Features: Perennial herb growing about 1-3 feet tall; branches at the top to produce orange-red radial flowers blooming in summer; Broken stems may emit milky juice; Few leaves - found along base of plant.
Habitat: Urban areas, meadows, agricultural areas, roadsides, gravel pits, forested areas, tree plantations, and along stream sides.
Photo: Jim Schultz
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 Puncture Vine
Key Features: Spreading, low-growing annual herb; Stems are reddish-brown that grow up to 6 feet long and produce thick mat; short, opposite leaves; fruit is a woody burr with very sharp and stiff spines.
Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, orchards, vineyards, parks, trails, agricultural areas.
Photo: Science Society of America
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 Purple Loosetrife
Key Features: Tall, upright, magenta flower spikes; simple, smoothed-edged leaves grow either opposite or whorled.
Habitat: Most common in marshes or wetland areas.
Photo: Barry A. Rice
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 Spanish Heath
Key Features: Upright, woody, evergreen shrub; up to 10 feet tall; light green, needle like leaves only 3-7 millimeters long; leaves arranged in groups of 3 or 4 whorls around the stem; flowers area conspicuous cluster of small whitish or pinkish bell-shaped flowers; blooms from December - April.
Habitat: Coastal, forest, and pasture lands.
Photo: Ken French, ODA
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 Spurge Laurel
Key Features: Upright, evergreen shrub about 5 feet tall; Leaves are long, dark green, and shiny above; leaves are arranged in spiral cluster around shoot tip; bell-shaped, yellow-green flowers bloom in spring.
Habitat: Well-drained soils, shady, low-light areas; found in forests, woody parts of urban areas, and roadsides.
Photo: Western Invasives Network
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 Water Primrose Willow
Key Features: Floating aquatic plant; sometimes forms mats; long, spear-shaped leaves; small, five-petaled yellow flowers.
Habitat: Ditches, stream banks, ponds, slow moving waterways, shallow areas of lakes and reservoirs.
Photo: John M. Randall
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 Woolly Distaff Thistle
Key Features: Annual plant flowering in summer; grows up to about 3-4 feet tall; leaves arranged alternately on stem, long and stiff spines form on the leaves; yellow flowers form on spiny heads.
Habitat: Pasture and range lands.
Photo: Ken French, ODA
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 Yellow Floating Heart
Key Features: Aquatic perennial; roots into bottom in shallow water; floating leaves are heart-shaped or circular; bright yellow, five-petaled flowers are about 1 inch in diameter.
Habitat: Slow moving waterways, lakes, and reservoirs.
Photo: Glenn Miller, ODA
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Animals
 American Bullfrog
Key Features: Typically green with brown spots; larger than any native frog in the Northwest (can grow over 6 inches long); long, powerful hind legs; adults have golden eyes; males loud, distinct mating call
Habitat: Freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sloughs, streams, and irrigation ditches.
Photo: ODFW
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 Chinese Mystery Snail
Key Features: Strong shells are single-colored without bands or stripes; shells are light or dark olive green; black rounded outer lip of shell.
Habitat: Freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sloughs, slower waterways, and irrigation ditches; prefers muddy bottoms.
Photo: ODFW
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 Common Snapping Turtle
Key Features: Huge freshwater turtle--larger than any native Oregon turtle; dark head has large, powerful jaws; legs and tail are thick and yellowish; dark shell varies in color.
Habitat: Freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sloughs, slower waterways, and irrigation ditches; prefers muddy bottoms.
Photo: ODFW
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 Quagga & Zebra Mussels
Key Features: Small - usually no more than 1 once long; both mussels have dark black and white banded pattern on shell.
Habitat: Most commonly freshwater lakes, reservoirs, and rivers - spread via boat traffic.
Photo: ODFW
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 Red-eared Slider
Key Features: Greenish-gray head with red patch behind eyes; yellow or whitish line across head; top of shell is smooth and greenish gray or brown
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, and slow moving waterways.
Photo: ODFW
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